Ecosystems are complex interconnected systems in which organisms interact with both each other and the physical environment via a wide range of ecological processes and functions. Studying ecosystems enables us to discover the intricate network of relationships and functions that sustain life on our planet. This involves analyzing multitrophic interactions within communities and between populations, examining landscape dynamics and studying ecosystems. By understanding these dynamics we can enhance our ability to manage and protect ecosystems for the benefit of both nature and humanity.